Cable transmission distance is the maximum distance that a cable can cover without suffering signal attenuation or quality loss. Cable transmission distance is determined by several factors, including cable type, signal frequency, signal strength, and environmental factors.
The most common cable types used for data transmission include HDMI cables, twisted pair (network cables) and fiber optic cables. HDMI cables and twisted pair cables are typically used for short distances within a building or data center, while fiber optic cables are typically used for longer distances of several kilometers.
HDMI cable
HDMI high-definition multimedia interface, generally used on high-definition displays, can be connected to hdmi monitors with monitors, and now many network boxes can also be connected to the TV through the connection cable to transmit audio-video signals.
General HDMI signal transmission of 30 meters or less, then for the general quality of the wire about the transmission distance of 15 meters or so.
Twisted pair cable (network cable)
Network cable, also known as twisted pair cable, has different transmission distances depending on the specifications of the cable. Network cable in the transmission of network signals, if the distance beyond the cable itself can withstand, the signal will be attenuated, and in serious cases, the network signal will be interrupted.
Category 5, Category 6 are 100 meters , the regular oxygen-free copper Class 6 cable can reach about 120 meters, if you want to increase the transmission distance, between the two sections of twisted-pair cable can be installed repeater, you can install four repeaters. If 4 repeaters are installed to connect 5 network segments, the transmission distance can reach 500m.
Optical fiber
The transmission distance of the network cable is limited, and can not solve the long-distance data transmission, then for long-distance transmission can use optical fiber.
Fiber optic is divided into multi-mode and single-mode, multi-mode transmission distance is farther than the network cable, but shorter than single-mode. In 10mbps and 100mbps Ethernet, multimode fiber can support 2000m transmission distance; and in 1GbpS gigabit network, multimode fiber can support 550m transmission distance; so multimode is less used now.
Single-mode fiber can support longer transmission distance than multimode fiber, in 100Mbps Ethernet to 1G Gigabit network, single-mode fiber can support more than 5000m transmission distance.
The overall cost of a single-mode optical module is higher than that of a multimode optical module because the components used in a single-mode optical module are twice as large as those used in a multimode optical module; the transmission distance of a single-mode optical module can be 150 to 200 km.
So for long-distance transmission can be solved with optical fiber, such as remote monitoring projects.
