The internal coupler of a fiber optic splitter distributes the optical power according to the optical power distribution principle, i.e., the incident optical signal is divided into multiple output signals of equal power.
The coupler inside the splitter is usually made of fused silica or other types of optical fibers that are carefully aligned and fused together. The coupler is designed to split the incoming optical signal into two or more output signals with equal splitting ratios, such as 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, or 1:16.
The optical signal entering the fiber optic splitter is split between the output fibers based on the splitting ratio of the coupler. For example, in a 1x8 splitter, the optical signal entering the input fiber is divided equally among the 8 output fibers, with each output fiber receiving 1/8 of the total optical power.
The coupler within the fiber optic splitter operates using the principle of fading coupling, where the optical signal propagating through the input fiber causes a small amount of light to leak into the adjacent output fiber. The amount of light coupled into each output fiber is determined by the coupling ratio of the coupler and the distance between the fibers.
